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Vasil Andreev |
Abstract: The first attempt for a controlled flight with motor apparatus, heavier than air (airplane), was made 12.12.1903 in US by the Wright brothers. According to Raykov R. (2012) the Bulgarians Konstantin Georgiev, Dr. Nikola Genadiev, Mihalaki Georgiev and Vasil Zlatarev flew on 19.08.1892, with a spherical balloon which was with gas lighter than air; on 22.06.1903 they have created a balloon detachment and on 20.04.1906 with a Decree of Prince Ferdinand developed in Aircraft division; the first airplane flight at Bulgaria was in 1910; in July 1912 were bought 7 aircraft and was created the Airplane compartment, in 28.09.1914 it was closed before the Treaty of Neuilly; reinstated in 15.12.1923, as an Aircraft school and became a center for training on aviation. Relocated is 1926 in Kazanlak. The years after the World War I were a difficult period for the Bulgarian aviation - The Treaty of Neuilly (27.11.1919) forbid Bulgaria to havå military aviation and to do airplanes flights. Since Dec. 1920 there is Aircraft Division with police-customs functions. Since 30.03.1922 it was closed at the request of the Internal Control Commission, but restored in April 1922 and since 15.07.1924 became Directorate of Air Navigation.
The aviation needs require more research on the impact of weather conditions over flights by creating an aviation meteorological services (AMS), medical and maintenance services. Due to its small financial and personnel resources Department of Meteorology (built 1890-94) could not form AMS. After Rules established by Commission from Sofia University, Defense Ministry and Department of Meteorology of 28.06.1922 founded Military AMS, named Weather Service at the Department of Aviation. Acad. S. Vatsov proposed the our famous in that time specialist on a meteorology N. Negentsov for aerologist in the Weather service and his proposal was accepte. The National Assembly adopted on 1.07.1925 Law on aeronautics with the Aeronautical Directorate and “The Weather Service”. The Weather Service had created 83 monitoring stations by 1929 as a basis of a network of meteorological stations and unique for country sections for weather prediction, climate and technical testing station; provides takeoff and landing of aircrafts of Lufthansa - Germany; Ala Litoria - Italy, Aeroflot - USSR; in 1940-41 military airport Bojurishte issued ? 1600 weather bulletins flights. "Weather Service troops” have helped other kinds of troops and since 31.08.1940 grow up to Military Meteoservice. It had a good international reputation: member of the International Weather Organization (WMO/IMO), represents Bulgaria in the World Network of Stations. By 1935 Negentsov trained staff and wrote: “Textbook of Meteorology”(1928),“Short Aviation Meteorology”(1931) and 25 books and brochures. Important merit for ouer Weather Service are: first special forecasts for aviation (1922), and from 1929 forecasts for newspapers; began operations in meteorological instrumentation and aerology. Its participation is important for the development of the established in 1887-94 Bulgarian MS/HMS, which significantly added to the spectrum of structures and activities required for every MS/HMS. More information can be found in the books by Raykov R. (2012) and Andreev V. (2008; 2014).
Keywords: History, Aeronautics, Aviation Meteorology, Bulgaria
"Georgi Nadjakov" Institute of Solid State Physics
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
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Created: 29 June 2016
Updated: 15 September 2016